A Malay-English dictionary
WILKINSON
MALAY-ENGLISH DICTIONARY
A
MALAY-ENGLISH
DICTIONARY
BY
R. J. WILKINSON,
(Straits Settlements Civil Service).
==
Part I.
(ALIF TO ZA.)
==
Singapore:
PRINTED AND PUBLISHED
BY
KELLY & WALSH, LIMITED,
32, Raffles Place,
AND AT
HONGKONG, SHANGHAI AND YOKOHAMA.
_____
1901.
A
MALAY-ENGLISH
DICTIONARY
| ا | The letter alif; the alphabetical symbol for the number 1 in the abjad, q. v. |
| اب | aba. I. Glow, warmth, C. and S.; (Kedah) běhaba, v. haba.
II. The smallest imaginable atom; C. and S. (= hama?) III. Also abah, q. v. |
| ابا | abâ. Arab. Father. Cf. abû. |
| ابأ | ibâ’. Arab. Refusal rejection; disobedience; unwillingness. |
| ابتدأ | ibtida’. Arab. Beginning; commencement; exordium.
Ḥurûfu ’l-ibtidâ’: expressions used to open a sentence. Lil’ibtidâ’: to begin with; firstly; = saběr-mola. |
| ابتر | abtar. Arab. Curtailed; docked; shortened in the tail. |
| ابجد | abjad. [Arab.: a composite word made up of the first four letters of the alphabet arranged in their ancient order.] The alphabet following the old order of the letters—an order still observed in Hebrew; the numerical alphabet, each letter having a successive numerical value, viz.:—
To these purely Arabic letters are added the following non-Arabic letters:—
These numerical values of the letters are much used in calculating horoscopes and in other methods of divination. |
| ابد | abad. Arab. Eternity; the endless future. Daripada azal datang kapada abad: from the endless past to the endless future; Bust. Sal. |
| ابدي | abadi. Arab. Eternal; everlasting. |
| ابدية | abadiyyat. Arab. Eternity. |
| ابر | abar. Měngabar: to check or restrain anything in motion; Kl. |
| ابر | abor. Měngabor: to lavish; to waste; to be prodigal in expenditure; cf. ambor and tabor. |
| ابراهيم | ibrahîm. Arab. Abraham. |
| ابرص | abraṣ. Arab. Leprous. |
| ابرق | abraḳ. Arab. Mica. |
| ابس | abus. I. A small coin; the tenth portion of a timah or kepeng; Kl. Also habus.
II. (Kedah.) The name of a tree (unidentified). |
| ابس | abis. Better habis, q. v. |
| ابعد | ab‘ad. Arab. More remote; far distant. |
| ابڠ | abang. I. Elder brother or cousin; a friendly or familiar expression descriptive of male relatives not much older than the speaker; a term used by a woman in addressing her lover or husband. Cf. kakanda.
In North Malay (Kedah and Perak) abang is never used of an elder sister. In South Malay (Riau, Johor and Selangor) abang perempuan is used, in courtly language only, of a slightly elder female relative. Cf. kakak. II. Jav. Red; v. ěbang and bang. |
| ابڠ | ěbang. [Jav. abang.] Red. Cf. bang. |
| ابق | aboḳ. Dust, chaff, powder; = haboḳ, q. v. |
| ابلر | abělor. [Pers. بلور] Crystal; clear white of the eyes; (Kedah) piebald, of a horse; the name of a medicinal shrub, lada pahit; Kl.
Also habělor, q. v. |
| ابله | abilah. Pers. Chicken-pox. |
| ابليس | iblîs. Arab. Satan; the arch-fiend; a spirit of evil. Âdat iblîs: evil customs; laws inspired by the spirit of evil; Ht. Abd., 416. Iblîs laut dan iblîs darat: sea-devils and land-devils; Muj. 84. Něschaya jatoh-lah aku ka-dalam kěluboran pělanteḳ iblîs: I should certainly have tumbled into the pitfalls of Satan; Ht. Abd., 448. |
| ابم | ěbam. See bam. |
| ابن | ibn. Arab. Child; son; descendant. Ibnu's-sabil: "a son of the road,"—i.e., a traveller; a wayfarer.
Between two proper names, the form bin is used—i.e., Mat bin Děris: Mat, the son of Dĕris. Cf. banû and banî. |
| ابنتار | aběntara. A herald; v. běntara. |
| ابو | abau. (Kedah.) A land tortoise common in marshy ground, and very destructive to padi. Also abau kěkura; v. kura. Main a.: (Kedah) amor lesbicus; (Riau-Johor) main tampok labu. |
| ابو | abu. 1. Ash; cinders.
Jikalau tuwan hendak ka-Jambi, if you desire to marry me, burn water and collect the ashes thereof,—a proverbial setting of an impossible task. Sudah jadi abu arang: it has long been dust and ashes (literally: cinders and charcoal); it is ancient history. Prov. Sunting a.: (Kedah) a sort of swordstick. Ular tedong a.: (Riau, Johor, Malacca) the hamadryad; naia bungarus: = (Kedah) ular tědong selar. Ikan ular abu: a saltwater fish. Cf. abok, děbu, lěbu, kělabu, etc. II. Arab. Father; owner; possessor. Abu bakr (in Malay usually pronounced Abu bakar, and often contracted to Bakar): a proper name; "the father of the maiden," the name of Muhammad's first successor, who was so called as the father of Ayesha, the only one of the Prophet's wives who was not a widow when he married her, III. Abuwan: a complete set of anything; (also) a share; a portion. Often habuwan. |
| ابوبن | ububan. Jav. Bellows. |
| ابون | abuwan. See abu III. |
| ابوي | abawi. Arab. Fatherly. |
| ابوي | aboe. aboe. [Chin. a-poéh, a-péh: uncle, elderly gentleman.] A respectful form of address when speaking to the headman of a Chinese village the head of a gang of miners; a leading Chinaman on a country estate. |
| ابه | abah. I. Sending on an errand; orders or directions regarding a journey; an order to go anywhere, as distinct from an order to do
anything (kěrah). II. Abah-abah: tackle, gear, harness; anything, the appearance of which is sug-gestive of tackle; the entrails of an animal. Abah-abah těnum: wearing gear. Also aba. III. Abah-abah: a porch or verandah built under the projecting eaves of a house. |
| ابي | abi. Arab. To disregard a command. Měngabi: to disobey. |
| ابيد | abid. Arab. Eternal. |
| ابيض | abiadl. Arab. White.
Bahru'l-abiadl: the White River, i.e., the White Nile. |
| ابيمان | abaimana. [Cf. Hind. apamanya : dis-graced?] The lower orifices of the body. |
| اتار | utara. [Skr. uttara.] The North.
U. těpat: due North. U. barat laut: North-North-West. U. timor laut: North-North-East. Musim u.: the period of the year during which the prevailing winds are northerly; the North-East Monsoon. |
| اتام | utama. I. [Skr. uttama.] Supreme excellence; superiority. Těrutama mati děngan yang baik daripada hidop děngan nama yang jahat : far better die with credit than live in disgrace; Ht. Abd., 295. Yang těrutama Geběrnor : H. E. the Governor. Also written اتما q. v.
II. [Skr. atma.] Utama jiwa (a corruption of atma jiwa): life; the breath or spirit of life. Maka tersebut-lah perkataan Bětara Guru měnitahkan Bětara Inděra turun běrsama sama dengan Běgawan Narada měmbawa ayer utama jiwa akan menghidopkan Sang Ranjuna :- the story relates how Bětara Guru (Siva) ordered the Holy Indra and the Blessed Narada to descend (to earth) bearing the water of life for the revivification of Arjuna; Ht. Sg. Samb. Utama jiwa is also used as a term of endearment. See also اتما |
| اتاو | atawa. [Skr. athawa.] (Kedah) either; or; = (Riau Johor) atau. |
| اتباب | itbab. Arab. To weaken; to enervate. |
| اتحاد | ittihad. Arab. Union; concord. |
| اتر | atar. [Arab. عطر.] Scent; fragrance; aroma.
Minyak a.: otto of roses. |
| اتر | atur. Order, arrangement; setting in order. Di-atur-nya meriam běrkěliling: cannon were set all round it.
Hairân sa-kali di-dalam hati, it is a most surprising thing; the cannon are in readiness but no fighting ever takes place!—a proverb ridiculing empty boasts. Aturan: the order in which anything is disposed; the method of arrangement. Pěraturan: id. Aturi; aturkan; měngatur and měngaturkan: to set in order; to dispose or arrange anything methodically. Beratur: in order; arranged. |
| اتس | atas. Position over or above. Di-atas meja: on the table. Ka-atas meja: to a position on the table.
Atas angin; v. angin. Baris di-atas: the Malay name descriptive of the vowel point fathah. In many Malay idioms atas is used in the sense of "according to," "relating to," "with reference to;" i.e., in the sense of interrelation without the special meaning of superposition. Měnyěrtaï aku atas pěkěrjaan yang sadikit ini: to assist me as regards this little matter. Atas běběrapa sěbab: for many reasons. Atas undang-undang: according to the laws. Běfirmân atas lidah: to speak by the tongue (of another)—of God's utterances by the lips of his Prophets. Atas also occurs in the sense of "against"; Ht. Zaly., 21. |
| اتس | atus. (Kedah.) Rinsing or filtering (a liquid) through anything; usually tapis. |
| اتشناق | atishnâk. Pers. Fiery; glowing. |
| اتصاف | ittisâf. Arab. Description; quality. |
| اتصال | ittisâl. Arab. To be interconnected.
Ittisâlkan: to reach; to attain to; sampaikan. |
| اتوڠ | atong. The motion of a boat on the water when the tendency to drift is impeded (but not altogether prevented) by an anchor with a short cable or by any similar means. Cf. apong and katong.
Udang a.: a lobster; Kl. |
| اتفاق | ittifâk. Arab. Concord; harmony. |
| اتڤ | atap. I. A roof; roofing—especially (but not necessarily) a roof of leaves in contradistinction to one of tiles or shingles. Atap-nya daripada zamrûd yang hijau: it was roofed with green emerald. Rumah atap: a house made of roofing, i.e., of palm leaves dried and worked in a certain way.
A. ayan: a corrugated iron roof. A. batu: a tiled roof. A. bintang-bintang: a roof with many holes in it. A. gěnting: = a. batu. A. gajah měnyusu: a roofed (but not walled) passage connecting a kitchen or outhouse with the main building. A. limas: v. limas. A. rungkup: a roof with overhanging eaves. Bengkawan a.: the lath passing through a piece of Malay thatching; the numeral coefficient of pieces of thatching. Chuchor a.: (1) also chuchoran a.; the runnels on a roof between the rows of tiles; (2) the name given to a medicinal drug. Kasau a.: the rafters on which a Malay roof rests. II. Těratap: a rough lean-to or shed; properly těratak, q. v. See Ht. Best., 71. |
| اتل | atal. A medicinal drug of a hard, stone-like
character; Kl. artal? |
| اتما | utama. Skr. The ancient and literary form of a word now pronounced utâma, v. اتام I. |
| اتما | atma. Skr. The ancient and literary form of a word now pronounced utâma, v. اتام. II. |
| اتو | atau. Skr. (Rian-Johor) Or; either; else; (Kedah) atawa. |
| اتي | ati. Better hati, q. v. |
| اثبات | ithbât. Arab. Affirmation; to affirm; Majm. al-Ahk., 410.
Ithbâtkan (and měngithbâtkan): to confess; to avow. Yang di-ithbâtkan itu melainkan Allah: he only avowed (his belief in) the one God; Ht. Sh. Mard. See also Sh. I. M. P., 10; Sh. Ungg. Bers., 10. |
| اثر | athar. Arab. Trace; sign; impression; memorial.
Al-athar: the traditional sayings of the Prophet. |
| اثقال | athkâl. [Arab. Plur. of ثقل.] Burden, load—especially the load of sin. |
| اثنين | ithnain. [Arab.; yaumu'l-ithnaini: the second day of the week; Monday.] Hari ithnain: Monday; also pronounced isnên, sěnên and sěnayan.
This word is sometimes used as a proper noun. |
| اجاب | ijâb. Arab. To hear (and fulfil) a prayer. Also written هجاب; Arabian Nights, 18. |
| اجابة | ijâbat. Arab. The hearing of prayer. |
| اجاد | ijâd. Arab. Kindhearted. |
| اجادة | ijâdat. Arab. Kindheartedness. |
| اجاره | ijârah. Arab. Wages (of a coolie); daily payment of ijrat, q. v. |
| اجازه | ijâzah. Arab. Diploma; certificate; the certificate of competency given by a teacher to a pupil; a licence to practice; leave; permission. Měmohunkan ijâzah-ijâzah kaluwar mĕnchari bunga ubat-nya itu: asking for permission to depart in search of the flower which was to serve as a remedy; Ht. Gul. Bak., 6. Idzin dan ijâzah; permission and licence; Muj., 9. Cf. also Muj., 7, 15; Sh. Laili Mejn., 11. |
| اجاص | ijâs. Arab. Damson-plums. |
| اجب | ajab. Better عذب, q. v. |
| اجبار | ijbâr. Arab. Compulsion. |
| اجتهاد | ijtihâd. Arab. Zeal; solicitude; diligence; Ht. Gul. Bak., 128. |
| اجر | ajar. I. Instruction; teaching.
Ajaran: instruction. Ajari and mengajari: to instruct (any one), Ajarkan, měmpělajarkan and měngajarkan: to teach (any subject). Bělajar: to learn. Měngajar: to teach; to be engaged in teaching. Pělajaran: teaching; instruction; the subject taught. Pěngajar: a teacher; an instructor. Pěngajaran: the work of instruction. Pělok tuboh mengajar diri: hug your body and lecture yourself; ponder on your own folly; Prov. J. S. A. S., I., 95. II. Ajar-ajar: [Skr. acharya?] A devotee; the disciple of an ascetic or of any one professing to teach supernatural wisdom; a hermit. Ada-pun hamba datang ka-mari hěndak měngislamkan ajar-ajar yang di-Bukit Feringgi itu: I have come here to convert to Muhammadanism the hermits upon Mt. Feringgi; Ht. Jaya Lengg. Sěgala jogi Běrhamman ajar-ajar sakaliyan: all the Yogis, Brahmins and ascetics. Ht. Sh. Cf. also Cr. Gr., 47; Sh. Panj. Sg.; etc. |
| اجرة | ujrat. Arab. Wages, salary, rent. Cf. ijârah. |
| اجڠ | ějing. Better jing, q. v. |
| اجڠ | ějong. Better jong, q. v. |
| اجق | ajak. Invitation; suasion to the performance of anything. Di-ajak-nya masok dudok: he invited him to come in and sit down; Ht. Abd., 310. Ajak-lah Jěnohati bersama-sama: invite Yajnawati as well; Ht. Sg. Samb. Cf. also Sej. Mal., 104.
Běrajak (Ht. P. J. P.) and měngajak (Ht. Ind. Jaya): to invite. |
| اجق | ajok. Mimicry, imitation; ridicule by mimicry; "taking off" a person; ridiculing a person's mannerisms.
Měngajok: to mimic; to ridicule by mimicry. Těrlalu banyak yang měngasut dan yang měngajok: there were very many people ridiculing him and taking him off; Ht. Koris. |
| اجل | ajal. Arab. Appointed time; term; destiny; the predestined period of death. Dari sěbab bělum sampai ajal-nya bělum-lah iya mati: as his hour had not yet come he did not then perish; Ht. Abd., 69. Hampir-lah sampai ajal-ku akan mati: my predestined time of death is drawing nigh; Sej. Mal., 71.
Wangkang berpintu ĕmpat; the stranger seeks a habitation, but his fate is in tow of the Angel of Death; Pel. Abd., 115. The form اجلي is also found in this sense; Sh. Bur. Pungg., 17. |
| اجلى | ajla. Arab. Clear; convincing—as a proof. |
| اجماع | ijmâ‘. Arab. To come together; a gathering or meeting; Majm. al-Ahk., 12. |
| اجمال | ijmâl. Arab. Definition.
Ijmâlkan: to define; to give a definition. |
| اجمعون | ijmâ‘ûna. [Arab. Plur. of اجماع.] To come together; a gathering or meeting; Ht. Zaly., 14. |
| اجن | ějan. To press out; to squeeze out. Cf. rějan. Kl. |
| اجن | ajun. Widest from the mark; last in the race; worst in the competition. |
| اجناس | ajnâs. [Arab., the plural of jins; varieties, sorts; v. jěnis.] Tuhfatu'l-ajnâs: a gift of various articles; a miscellaneous gift—a common expression in epistolary language—a survival of the period when gifts invariably accompanied letters. |
| اجوجه | ajujah. = jujat, q. v. |
| اجوف | ajuwaf. Arab. Hollow; cavernous. |
| اجي | aji. I. Kawi. A king; kingly; royal.
Bapa a. or rama a.: royal father; sovereign; sire. Kakang sudah měmběri malu rama aji ibu suri: you, my brother, have brought shame upon the king, your father, and the queen, your mother; Ht. Sh.; Ht. Mas. Edan. Kakang aji: my royal brother—an expression used by the queen to the king; Ht. Sh. Paku aji: cyca. Sang aji: the king; the sacred person of the sovereign. Sang aji Běrunai: the ruler of Brunai; Sej. Mal., 155. Tuwanku aji mahkota: my lord, the reigning king; Ht. Koris. The word aji is used in literary but not in colloquial Malay. II. Měngaji: to study-especially in the sense of religious study; to read; to read religious books. Měngaji batang: v. batang. Pěngajiyan: the ability to read; the knowledge acquired by study. III. Jav. A secret magic formula. IV. Jav. Price, value. V. Hind. An interjection used to call or bespeak the attention of a person with whom one is familiar. |
| اجير | ajîr. Arab. A coolie; a labourer for daily wages (ujrat). |
| اچار | achara. [Skr. âchâra.] Rule of conduct; religious observance; regulated manner of life. |
| اچت | achat. (Kedah.) A small leech, larger than a pachat but smaller than a lintah. |
| اچت | achita. A kind of rice; Kl. |
| اچر | achar. I. [Hind. achar.] Pickles; fruit or vegetables preserved in vinegar. Cf. jěrok and halwa. Kam. Kech., 11; Ht. Abd., 292.
II. (Kedah.) A sink; a gutter; a rubbish hole; a drain; a puddle; any place into which slops are emptied or dirt is thrown. Kain dalam achar; kutib chuchi diya hěndak ka-longkang juga: a garment thrown away in the sink; you may pick it up and clean it, but it will always find its way to the drain in the end; (irreclaimable); Prov. Acharan: id. |
| اچڠ | achang. A messenger; an informer. |
| اچڤ | achap. I. Deeply immersed or stuck in anything.
II. Achap-achap: swiftly; speedily; Kl. = (Kedah) chap-chap. |
| اچم | achum. Stirring up anger by tale-bearing; repeating to one person what another person has said about him; Ht. Best., 42.
Achuman: a cause of such irritation; the malicious stirring up of enmity; Sh. Bid., 111. Mengachum: to libel; to excite enmity by slander. Di-chari bichara měngachum anak-ku: a pretext was sought to slander my child; Ht. Best., 56. |
| اچن | achun. I. Interfering with a person's movements by continually getting in his way, either intentionally, by way of teasing him, or unintentionally, as sometimes happens when two people coming from different directions meet each other and both move aside in the same direction. Achan hantu: obstruction in the latter sense.
II. To attract small deer by imitating certain sounds. Cf. těkut. |
| اچو | achu. Menacing, but not carrying out one's threat; a threatening gesture not followed by attack; an act such as lifting a stick but not striking, or shaking one's fist without further action. Di-gěnggam-nya tangan-nya di-achukan-nya di-muka tuwan itu: he closed his fist and shook it before that gentleman's face; Ht. Abd., 250.
The word is also used of a blow being actually attempted or a lunge being unsuccessfully made. Maka tangan-nya terkětar-kětar duwa tiga kali di-achu-nya tiyada dapat di-tikam-nya: his hand shook, and though he made two or three lunges he did not succeed in stabbing him; Ht. Perb. Jay. Achuwan: a matrix; a mould; a model; Ht. Abd., 234. |
| اچه | achah. Měngachah: to feint; to pretend to be about to strike a certain kind of blow in order to cover a different attack. Kl. |
| اچه | acheh. I. The name of a small wood-leech; Cr.
II. Acheen. |
| اچي | achi. I. (Pahang?) Achi-achi: the lever by which the boom of a Malay boat is turned over and over and the sail furled; C. and S. = chachi, q. v.
II. Done?—an expression used by people in bargaining or betting to signify that everything is settled. Achi-achi: id. Ta'-achi: the bet is off, the offer is not closed with; = ta'-jadi. III. Tam. Elder sister; a respectful form of address in speaking to elderly Tamil women. |
| احاطه | iḥaṭah. Arab. To surround. |
| احتساب | iḥtisâb. Arab. Imputation; to impute. |
| احتشام | iḥtishâm. Arab. Reverence; obedience. |
| احتکار | iḥtikâr. Arab. Buying up and cornering food-grain (a great sin in Muhammadan eyes). |
| احتمال | iḥtimâl. Arab. To bear; to suffer; to endure. |
| احد | aḥad. Arab. One. Maka Kâdli pun tampil-lah ka-hadapan měngaḥad-kan kěduwa-nya: the Kali stepped forward to make the pair one (to unite them in marriage); Ht. Gul. Bak., 13.
Hari ahad: the first day of the week; Sunday. |
| احده | aḥadah. [Arab. The feminine form of ahad.] Sole; single; first; Sh. I. M. P., 7. |
| احدية | iḥtikâr. aḥadiyyat. Arab. Unity; concord; union. |
| احرام | iḥrâm. Arab. Anathema; interdict; the period during which certain things are forbidden. |
| احسان | iḥsân. Arab. Beneficence; favour; kindness. |
| احكام | aḥkâm. [Arab. Plur. of حلم.] Laws; the law. Majma ‘u'l-ahkám: the Muhammadan Code of Laws; the (Johor) Code. |
| احمد | aḥmad. Highly praiseworthy; a proper name often occurring among Muhammadans. |
| احمر | aḥmar. ahmar. Arab. Red; Ht. Zaly., 16; Arabian Nights, 43. |
| احمق | aḥmâḳ. Arab. Foolish; stupid; ignorant; easily angered; Ht. Abd., 280; Sej. Mal., 79; Ht. Kal. Dam., 77. |
| احوال | aḥwâl. [Arab. Plural of hâl: state; thing; event] Ḥâl aḥwâl: events; occurrences of all sorts; general state of affairs. Sěgala ḥâl aḥwâl zamân-zamân yang těrsěbut itu: all the incidents of the period in question; Ht. Abd., 6.
Usually pronounced ahowâl. |
| احيأ | iḥyâ'. Arab. To restore to life. |
| اخاذة | ikhâdzat. Arab. A fief. |
| اخبار | akhbâr. [Arab. Plur. of حلم, q. v.] News; information; (sometimes) a newspaper. |
| اخبار | ikhbâr. Arab. News-giving; reporting; making known. |
| اختصار | ikhtiṣâr. Arab. Definition. |
| اختصاص | ikhtiṣâṣ. Arab. To belong to. |
| اختلاص | ikhtilâṣ. Arab. Robbery; to rob; highway robbery. |
| اختلاف | ikhtilâf. Arab. Discord; difference; disparity; inconsistency; Ht. Kal. Dam., 197. |
| اختيار | ikhtiyâr. Arab. Choice; election; free will; a deliberate decision; a carefully thought out plan for attaining any object. Di-sěrah-kan ikhtiyâr kapada-nya daripada baik dan jahat-nya: he was permitted to choose freely between good and evil; Ht. Abd., 402. Měnchari ikhtiyar hendak mengambil gěmala itu: to think out a scheme for securing possession of that talismanic stone; Ht. Gul. Bak., 84. Děngan ikhtiyâr-nya sěndiri juga: of his own choice of his own free will.
Pulang ikhtiyâr: to allow another person to think a matter out; to hand over to another the responsibility of deciding any point. Bagaimana ikhtiyâr kamu: what do you think; what is your plan or proposal; Ht. Best., 91. |
| اخذ | akhidz. Arab. A collector; a receiver. |
| اخر | akhir. Arab. Last, remotest; the end.
Akhir-nya: in the end; ultimately; the end of anything. Akhirnya iya hinggap di-bělakang kěrbau: it finally perches on the buffalo's back; Ht. Abd., 115. Daripada awwal hingga akhir-nya: from first to finish; from first to last. Akhir zaman, or akhir dan zaman: for ever and ever; to the end of time. |
| اخرة | akhirat. Arab. The future life; eternity; the day of judgment. Dari dunya sampai ka-akhirat: from worldly to heavenly life; from our days on earth to those in heaven. |
| اخضر | akhdlar. Arab. Dark green. |
| اخفأ | ikhfâ'. Arab. To hide. |
| اخلاص | ikhlâṣ. Arab. Sincerity; candour. Sûratu'l-ikhlâṣ: a letter written in sincere friendship; Ht. Abd., 222, 466; Ht. Koris; Muj., 14, etc. |
| اد | ada. Arab. Existence; actual presence; present condition; to be. Ada laut ada-lah pěrompak: the existence of a sea (means) the existence of pirates; Prov. Ada bangkai ada-lah hěreng: where a carcase is, there will vultures also be; Prov.
Adakan and mengadakan. to bring into existence; to create; to appoint. Nyawa sěhaja tiyada buleh di-adakan-nya: life alone they cannot call into existence; Ht. Abd., 299. Hubongan huruf yang bukan-bukan di-adakan-nya: he kept making impossible combinations of letters; Ht. Abd., 185. Měngadakan běntara ěmpat puloh: to appoint forty poursuivants; Sej. Mal., 87. Kěadaan: state; conditions or mode of life ог existence. Hina kěadaan diri-ku: my position is a humble one. Ilmu kějadiyan dan tabi‘at dan kěadaan ‘âlam: the science of the creation, nature and present condition of the earth—i.e., cosmogony, geology and geography; Ht. Abd., 5. Ada-nya (literally) its state; it is so—an expression often used to close a sentence or paragraph. Tiyada: non-existence; not—the negative of ada. Ta'-dapat tiyada or tadapatiyada: there is no denying it; no negation is possible; must; of necessity. |
| ادب | adab. Arab. Refinement of manners; courtesy; politeness. Děngan adab: courteously. Balek adab and biadab, q. v.: discourtesy; rudeness. |
| ادار | udara. See udarâ. |
| ادر | adar. I. Aged; advanced in years; Marsd., Cr., R. v. E. Also udar.
II. To sleep at a friend's house; = tandang or běrtandang. |
| ادرا | udara. [Skr. adhara.] The atmosphere; the air; the folds of air round the earth. Burong yang di-udara: the birds of the air. Měnyuchikan udâra: to clear the atmosphere. Also pronounced udâra. |
| ادان | udana. Sěri udana: a Kedah title of distinction. |
| ادراج | adiraja. See adi. |
| ادريس | idrîs. Arab. A proper name; Enoch. Nabî Idrîs: Enoch. |
| ادس | adas. Adas manis: aniseed (ilicium anisatum); Kam. Kech., 9.
A. pědas: fennel; fœniculum vulgare. |
| ادڠ | adang. I. Obstruction; barring a passage; lying in wait in an ambush to stop the progress of an enemy; intercepting a blow struck. Hamba adang diya di-jalan: I will waylay him; Ht. Sri. Rama.
Batu a.: wall-like masses of rock impeding operations in alluvial mining. Měngadang: to intercept; to stop; to oppose a barrier to. To' Laksamana měměrentah laut, the Dato Laksamana rules the sea, guarding us against foes and the wicked; J. I. A., Vol. I., 150. Měngadangkan: to interpose (anything) as a barrier or defence; Ht. Sh. Kub. Pěngadang: anything interposed as a protection; e. g., a shield. Sudah běrbunyi gěndang pěrang, when the drum of battle beats, when the armies appear on the field with swords, spears and pikes of state, then shields become useful for warding off (blows). Cf. sěkat, gědang, etc. II. Adang-adang: sometimes; at times. Better kadang-kadang, q. v. III. Měngadang-adang: to shake grain on a winnowing pan; Kl. |
| ادڠ | ading. Younger brother or sister; Sh. Panj. Sg. Usually adek or adinda. |
| ادڤ | adap. See hadap. |
| ادڤ | ědap. I. A kind of tambourine. Also adap. Kl.
II. (Siam?) A long knife or sword. Better dap, q. v. |
| ادفاتي | adipati. See adi. |
| ادق | adaḳ. See těradaḳ. |
| ادق | adeḳ. Younger brother or sister; a term of endearment used by an elder to a slightly younger person, especially by a husband to a wife.
Adeḳ běradeḳ: brothers and sisters. Di-pandang orang sapěrti adeḳ běradeḳ ada-nya: so |
| far as could be seen they behaved to each other as brothers. Měngaku adeḳ běradeḳ: (literally) to accept as a brother or sister; a friendly termination of a closer relationship or a limit to possible relations. Also ambil akan saudara.
Adeḳ kakak: relatives; immediate relatives. Adeḳ sa-pupu: a younger first cousin. Adeḳ duwa pupu: a younger second cousin. The word adeḳ is, however, often used of a cousin without any closer definition of the relationship. Bintang tiga běradeḳ: a constellation of three stars. The form adinda is more respectful than adeḳ. The form ading is also met with. | |
| ادق | adoḳ. (Batavian and Sumatran Malay; occasionally heard in the Peninsula.) Stirring up; thoroughly mixing; stirring about. Champor adoḳ: mixing and stirring up ― i. e., the blending of various ingredients. Achar champor adoḳ: mixed pickles. |
| ادم | Adam. Arab. Also Nabî Adam and Nabî Allah Adam: Adam; the common ancestor of mankind. Adam bernama Nûr Hayyati: Adam known as the Light of Life; Sh. I. M. P., 4.
Anaḳ Adam or bani Adam: the descendants of Adam; mankind. Kulit adam: the peculiar light-coloured base of the nail; the nail before discoloration through exposure. According to native tradition this represents the complexion of Adam before the Fall. |
| ادن | adon. I. Fastidiousness or care in adorning one's self; finery or neatness in dress.
Běradon: to be careful about dress; to be a dandy. Adonkan pěngantin: to dress a bridegroom. II. Měngadon: to knead. Adonan: dough. Cf. adok. |
| ادند | adinda. A derivative of adeḳ, q. v.; a term of endearment, having the same meaning as adek, but not its associations of familiarity; a vocative implying respect as well as fraternal affection. For similar derivatives, cf. anakanda from anaḳ; ayahanda from ayah, etc. |
| ادو | adu. I. Contention; contest; competition; reference to a tribunal or to arbitration. Měngadu: to contend; to compete. M. biri-biri: to make rams fight; Ht. Sh. Mard. M. těntěra: to make armies fight; Ht. Isk. Dz., 7. Ada yang měngadu kěrbau lěmbu-nya běrtarohkan gunong padang-nya: some started contests between their buffaloes and bulls staking their hills and plains on the result;
Ht. Sh. Kub. Maka sěgala anak raja-raja itupun sakaliyan měngadu-lah kěsaktiyan-nya: all the princes tested their supernatural powers one against the other; Ht. P. J. P. Adukan and měngadukan: to institute a contest; to get up a fight; to institute legal proceedings; to refer one's case to the judgment of a Court or individual. Barang apa salah istěri-ku itu aku adukan kapada-nya: whenever my wife was guilty of any fault, I referred the matter to him. Měngadukan hal: to lay one's case (before anyone). Aduwan: a lawsuit. Pěngaduwan: a complaint a judicial information; the laying of one's case before a Court. II. Běradu: to sleep; to be asleep—in Court language. Raja běradu: the name of a well known Malay tune. Pěraduwan: a couch or sleeping place; Ht. Sg. Samb.; Sej. Mal., 45; Ht. Gul. Bak., 41, 106; etc. Gěta pěraduwan: a sleeping platform. Bileḳ pěraduwan: a bedroom. |
| ادورن | adiwarna. See adi. |
| ادهي | adohi, or aduhai. An exclamation of pain, sorrow or regret; alas, oh; Ht. Gul. Bak., 8, etc.
Pegang adohi, buka ambohi: you seize it with a cry of pain, you open it with one of astonishment; a riddle descriptive of a durian. |
| اده | adoh or aduh. Better adohi, q. v. |
| ادي | adi. [Skr. adhi.] Excellent; eminent; surpassing; an expression much used as a prefix to exalted titles, and usually contracted to di. Adohi tuwan ariningsun ěmas tempawan agong adi ratna pěkacha: alas, my lady, my love, my fair one, perfect and excelling (in beauty), my gem of purity! Ht. Sh. Pěndekar adi: a warrior of surpassing skill; a champion; a pahalawan; Sh. Kamp. Boy., 6. Adi is often used by itself in this latter sense; Sh. Panj. Sg.; Ht. Koris; Ht. Hamza, 37.
Adikara: majestic. Adiraja: altogether royal; royal both de jure and de facto—used of a reigning sovereign who has obtained the throne by inheritance. This word, usually in the contracted form diraja, serves as a component of many Malay titles and dignities. Angkatan raja diraja: a hearse for dead sovereigns. Dato' sěri nara diraja, dato' sěri amar diraja: Malay titles of distinction. Adipati (sometimes contracted to dipati): a Javanese expression of distinction; a component part of many Javanese titles, e. g., pangeran adipati, raden mas adipati, etc. Adiwarna: excellent in colour; glowing or beautiful in tints. |
| اديب | adîb. Arab. Mannerly; courteous. |
| اذان | azân. Arab. The announcement of prayer. Sh. Lail. Mejn., 10. |
| اذكار | idzkâr. Arab. Remembrance, especially of the name of God and constant repetition of it. |
| اذلق | adzlaḳ. Arab. Arab. Eloquent; incisive in argument. |
| اذن | idzin. Permission. Měminta idzin: to request permission. Měmběri idzin (Ht. Abd., 60, 347) or idzinkan (Sh. Lamp., 27; Sh. Abd. Mk., 4, 27) to grant permission. |
| ار | ara. I. A generic name applied to various species of ficus, and to some trees resembling the ficus.
Menanti ara ta'-běrgětah: to wait for the figtree to lose its sap—an endless waiting; Prov. J.S.A.S., XXIV., 118. Hutang kayu ara: a “fig-tree” debt, i.e. a debt never paid,—being paid when the fig-tree loses its sap. A. akar: ficus binnendykit. A. batu: ficus miquelii. A. buloh: ficus villosa. A. daun lebar: ficus vylophylla. A. gajah: ficus dubia. A. jangkang: cynocephalus amanus. A. jějawi: ficus retusa. A. jěloteh: ficus altissima and ficus diversifolia. A. kěchil: ficus microstoma. A. kělalawar: ficus globosa. A. kubang: = a. kuwap. A. hubong: ficus annulata. A. huwap: ficus dubia. A. lampong = a. batu. A. lidah rimau: ficus pisifera. A. lumut: croton caudatus. A. nasi: ficus glabella. A. paya: ficus globosa. A. peraḳ: ficus alba reinwardt. A. tampoḳ pinang or a. tandoḳ: ficus indica. A. tanah: euphorbia pilulifera. Akar a.: aristolochia roxburghiana. Ara api, a. siyalang, a. punai: (unidentified). II. See arah. |
| ارادة | irâdat. Arab. Will; intention; decree—used especially of the decrees of the Almighty. Mělakukan irâdat-nya: to work His will—of God; Sej. Mal., 119. Děngan irâdat mâliku'l-jabâr: by the will of the Almighty Lord; by the will of God; Sh. Dag., 7. |
| ارارت | ararut. Eng. Arrowroot; Pel. Abd., 131. |
| ارام | irama. Payong irama: better payung iram-iram; v. iram. |
| ارباب | arbâb. [Arab. Plur. of rabb.] Lords; masters. |
| اربب | êrbab. See hêrbab and rêbab. |
| اربعا | arba‘â. Arab. Four. Hari arba‘â: the fourth day, Wednesday; usually corrupted in form to hari rabu. Malam arba‘â: Tuesday evening, or Tuesday night; Ht. Abd., 422. |
| ارت | arta. [Skr. arta.] Property; wealth; Ht. Isk. Dz. = hêrta, q. v. |
| ارت | arit. Jav. Slightly curved; a slightly curved reaping knife = sabit, q. v. In Malay it is used of cutting to draw nira in making toddy. |
| ارت | erat. = rat and hêrat, q. v. |
| ارتاون | êrtawan. [Skr. the adjective of arta.] Wealthy; = hêrtawan, q. v. |
| ارتل | êrtawan. Saffron. Also hartal. |
| ارتي | êrti. Meaning; signification. See hêrti. |
| ارث | irth. Arab. Inheritance. |
| ارجون | arjuna. Skr. The third of the Pandawa brothers. Usually Rajuna or Ranjuna, q. v. |
| ارچ | archa. [Skr. archâ.] An image; a fresco or carving representing some religious or historical event. |
| ارحم | arḥam. Arab. Most merciful; most compassionate. |
| اردا | ĕrda. Better rěda, q. v. |
| اردي | urdi or ordi. Eur. Order; instructions; directions; command. |
| ارز | arz. Arab. The cedar or pine tree. |
| ارس | aras. I. Rising to; up to; to a level with. Mĕngaras: to rise to a line with; to rise to the apparent level of. Naik ka-udara sampai pĕrgi mĕngaras awan: rising in the air till he was in a line with the clouds-i.e., in a line between the spectator's eye and the clouds; Ht. Mar. Mah.
Mĕngaras awan is also used of the sunset glow seeming to “lift up” the sky. Jingga pĕngaras (Ht. Mas. Edan.): the colour of a garment, may possibly be used of this golden yellow glow. |
| II. [Arab.] An expression in chess; “guard your queen”; “the queen is 'en prise'”;—only used, however, when the queen is threatened by the knight.
III. (Kedah.) Connection; v. iras. | |
| ارس | aris. I. [Arab.] A husbandman.
II. [Arab.] Wise. III. The sap or gum of plants; the soft portion of the trunk. Sapĕrti umpama gajah měmamah aris; baik di-ikat: like the case of an elephant which cats up the sap of a plantation and is only fit to be tied up; Ht. Ism. Yat., I. Cf. ĕriyas. IV. A rope sewn round the margin of a sail to give it strength; a bolt-rope. V. Eng. Arrest. |
| ارسال | irsâl. Arab. Apostleship; mission. |
| ارشاد | arshâd. Arab. Religious direction or guidance. Arshâdaka'llah: may God lead you on the right path; adieu; good-bye. |
| ارغن | orghan. orghan. [Eng. organ.] A concertina; an accordeon. Also ارݢن. |
| ارڠ | arang. I. Charcoal; charcoal dust. Měmbakar a.: to burn charcoal. Sudah jadi abu arang: it has become cinders and charcoal; it is an old and forgotten story; Prov.
Putus běnang, buleh di-hubong; they can count the stars in the heavens but fail to perceive a smut on their faces—i.e., their knowledge may be greater but their sense of shame is dulled; Marsd. Gr., 211; cf. also Sh. Put. Ak., 26; Ht. Abd., 396; etc. The form harang also occurs. II. Arang-arang: the ring to which the stays of a ship are fastened. |
| ارڠ | aring. I. Foul-smelling—as a urinal.
II. The small piece of worked steel at the top of the blade of a kris. This piece, though forming part of the blade rather than of the handle, corresponds in some respects to the guard on a foil. III. Urang-aring: the name of a plant (unidentified) in use in the Malay pharmacopoeia. IV. A snare for catching small game by means of a noose. A. chachaḳ: this snare, if the noose is on the ground. A. těrbang: this snare, if the noose is suspended in the air. |
| ارڠ | arong. I. Wading: pushing through water; fording. This word implies that the progress is made across the river or sea and not merely by wading along near one bank.
Arongan: the central (and presumably deeper) portion of a sea or river; the part which must be traversed if one desires to get across; the crossing. Di-těngah arongan: in the deepest portion of the crossing. Ht. Raj. Don., 21; Ht. Mar. Mah. Arongan běsar: the great deep; Ht. Mar. Mah. Pisau raut dalam kuwali in the midst of the deep seas by Bali, dare any person sail by night? Pel. Abd., 113. Měngarong: to ford; to wade across; to traverse the deep; to cross the sea; (by metaphor) to cross a sea of forest. Bělayar měngarong: to put out from the shore in contradistinction to hugging it; Ht. Raj. Don., 22. Běběrapa měngarong jorong yang dalam-dalam: many decp estuaries did they traverse; Ht. Sh. Ka-dalam kolam pateḳ měngarong: I shall wade into the pool. Měngarong is also used of tramping about in water or any other liquid; = měrandok. Sapĕrti gajah měngarong minyak: like an elephant pressing out oil; Ht. Sh. Kub. Měngarong darah: to wade through blood; a metaphorical expression for great slaughter; Ht. Raj. Kh., 18, 24. Biyar mati měngarong darah: may I die wading through blood (as a man running amok). The form harong is also found. II. Slender, slight; = ramping. Kl. |
| ارڠ | ĕrang. Mĕngĕrang: to groan with pain.
Kěna sěngat sembilang karang, if you are stung by the sembilang karang (a fish), day and night you will be sitting and groaning. The form hěrang is also found. |
| ارڠ | ĕreng. The vulture; a bird known in the northern Malay States only. Ada bangkai ada-lah ĕreng: where there is a carcase there will also be vultures; Prov.
Also hěreng, reng, and nokreng. |
| ارڤ | arip. I. Jav. Sleepy; weighed down by sleep. Arip sangat mata kakanda: my eyes are heavy with sleep; Ht. Koris.
II. [Arab. عارف.] Knowing; wise. |
| ارڤس | arpus. [Derivation?] Catgut; the material of which fiddle strings are made. |
| ارق | arak. I. [Arab. عرق.] Arrack; spirits; distilled liquors generally. Běkas běrisi arak dan darah: a vessel filled with spirits and blood; Ht. Abd., 310. Also Sh. Bid., 95.
II. Processional progress; bearing or marching in procession; carrying about in triumph. Di-arah-lah di-atas kěreta: he was borne in procession on a carriage. Arak-arakan: processional. Gěndang arak-arakan: a drum used in processions; a drum of a portable character; Sh. Sri Ben., 87. Běrarak: following one after another as in a procession. Sapěrti awan běrarak: like driving clouds; Ht. Sg. Samb.; Sej. Mal., 38. Běrarak-arakan: in continual succession; = běrarak, but more frequentative. Měngarak: to walk in a procession; to walk after anything at a regular interval as in a procession. Sapěrti bintang timor mengarak akan siyang: as the evening star follows upon daylight; Ht. Sh. Kub. Měngarak naga: to go in procession bearing an artificial dragon-of a Chinese procession; Sh. Jub. Mal., 12. Sěkarang adinda baginda hěndak mengarak kapada Inděra Nata: now the Queen will go in procession to (the house of) Indra Nata; Ht. Ind. Nata. Pěmarakan (Sh. Panj. Sg.) and pěrarakan: a processional car or emblem. Maka pěrarakan itu-pun měngarak sěndiri-nya berjalan: the processional car travelled automatically along with the procession; Ht. Sh. Kub. Sěgala bunyi-bunyiyan yang di-atas pěrarakan itu-pun di-palu orang: all the musical instruments on the processional car were beaten by the band; Ht. Sg. Samb. Pěrarakan berjěntěra: a processional car, the top or cupola of which revolves horizontally round a pivot; Sh. Put. Ak., 13; Sh. Bid., 84. Cars of this description are occasionally seen in kudu processions in Singapore. |
| ارق | arik. Arab. Sleeplessness; insomnia. |
| ارق | arok. A sort of war-dance, said to be of Bugis origin, and danced as an act of fealty or homage before a reigning sovereign. Měngarok: to dance this dance. |
| ارکى | arka. Arab. Weak; enfeebled. |
| ارکين | arakiyan. Furthermore; moreover; thus; then.
This word is a compound of ara II. and kiyan, q.v., but is usually pronounced arkiyan. It is used at the commencement of a paragraph or sentence. |
| ارݢ | arga. Skr. Price; value; = hěrga, q. v. |
| ارݢن | organ. Eng. A concertina; an accordeon. |
| ارل | aral. [Arab. .] An obstacle; a misfortune; a difficulty which stands in the way of progress. Suwatu pun tidak aral mělintang: there is absolutely no obstacle across the path; Sh. Bid., 120. Jikalau tiyada aral gěndala: if there is no unfortunate obstacle; Sh. Ik. Trub., 6. |
| ارلت | urlit. An ear pendant with a metallic tassel. |
| ارلڠ | orlong. A land measurement; = 20 jumbas (linear) or 400 jumbas (square measurement). A square orlong is about 1⅛ acre.
Also (Kedah) rělong. |
| ارلڤ | orlop. A nautical term; orlop. |
| ارلوجي | orlogi. Eur. A watch; a clock. Also horloji. |
| ارم | aram. 1. Suspicion; feelings of watchful mistrust or hostility.
Bulan těrang, těrang temaram, do not look upon me with suspicion; I do not intend to stay here long. II. Aram-těmaram: dimmed in lustre ; half lustrous only—as a clouded moon. Bulan pun aram-těmaram saperti bělas akan orang yang běrchěrai: the moon's face was clouded as though in pity at the parting (of the lovers); Ht. Perb. Jay. The forms těrang-těmaram and tĕrang těmarang are also found. III. Aram-aram: a temporary and easily moveable light lean-to, such as is used by a road coolie for protection against the sun while doing his work. IV. Měngaram: = měngěram; v. next word. |
| ارم | ĕram. Crouching; brooding; sitting crouched down on the ground; sitting on eggs—of a fowl. Mengeram: to so sit; to crouch. Sapěrti harimau mengĕram bangkai rupa-nya: like a tiger crouching over a carcase; Ht. Sh. Kub.
In many cases the word has also the sense of growling or murmuring; cf. ĕrang. Pujok sambil mengěram: murmuring endearments; Ht. Perb. Jay. The forms ram and měngaram also occur. |
| ارماد | armada. Port. A fleet. |
| ارن | aran. A night line for catching fish. |
| ارن | aron. To rub pulut rice into coco-nut milk until the oil of the latter comes out and is mixed with the rice.
Aronan: the mixture so prepared. Cf. adon, of which aron is probably only a variant used in a special sense. |
| ارن | urna. Better warna, q. v. |
| ارنب | arnab. [Arab. A hare.] A rabbit; Muj., 19, 50; Hay. Haiw.
The word is also applied to a guinea-pig. |
ariningsun. (Jav.) My younger sister-an
expression used as a term of endearment in
addressing a wife or mistress; adinda, but
confined to romances and poetry of Javanese
origin and to a few pantuns; see Sh. Ik.
Trub., 9; Sh. A. R. S. J., 7; Sh. Bid., 70; Ht.
Sg. Samb., etc.
The word is often pronounced arya-ningsun,
or arya-ingsun in pantuns, and is sometimes
contracted to ingsun, or ningsun.
arau. Better harau, q. v.
aru. Agitation, stirring up; better haru, q. v.
21 ĕru.
The casuarina; casuarina equisetifolia.
Also called ěru laut.
Eru bukit: a tree found on mountains of
some considerable elevation, dacrydium elatum.
This tree resembles the casuarina. The form
ru also occurs.
arwa. A saw-edged knife said to be of Indian
origin.
arwah. [Arab. Plur. of rath: spirit or breath
of life.] The vital elements in man; the vital
principle (semangat) and (sometimes) the soul.
Hilang arwah: loss of consciousness, diminu-
tion of vitality consequent on a sudden mental
shock; Ht. Abd., 364. Terbang arwah: id.;
Ht. Abd., 282; Marsd. Gr., 144; terbang
semangat. Tumpah arwah; id.; Sh. Bur.
Pungg., 4.
ARAI
Makan arwah: to feast in honour of the dead;
to hold a "khandúri." Arwahkan: id.; Sh.
Ul., 15. Bulan arwah, or bulan ruwdh: a name
given to the month Sha'aban because of a
great festival in honour of the dead. Khanduri
akan arwah putĕri: a feast to honour the soul
of the princess; Ht. Hamza, 99. Khandart
beri arwah: id.; Ht. Ahm. Muhd., 32.
Arwah is specially used with reference to
these feasts in honour of the dead; rúk, the
singular, is used of the soul of a man when
there is no feast in question. For the use of
arwah and rûh in the sense of vital principle,
see s. v. semangat.
> aruda. Port. Common rue; ruta graveolens.
ارون
aruwan. Ikan aruwan: a freshwater fish;
ophiocephalus punctatus.
A. tasek: a salt-water fish; elacate nigra.
Also haruwan and ruwan. V. haru.
( عرا .Arab )
arah. Also ara
Direction;
course; the quarter towards which anything
faces; direction or instruction regarding a
route. Tiyada siapa ketahuwi arah taman itu :
no one knew the direction in which the
garden lay: Ht. Gul. Bak., 24. Rumah-nya
arah sa-belah laut: his house faced the sea;
Ht. Abd., 194.
Sa-keliling arah: on all sides.
Tiyada ketahuan arah: not knowing one's
position; not knowing whether one is standing
on one's head or on one's heels; Sh. Pr. Turk.,
12; Sh. Sg. Kanch., 15; Sh. Ik. Trub., 19.
Ta' tentu arah: in confusion. Ta'-berarah: id;
Sh. Kamp. Boy., 10.
(5) ari. 1. Day; = hari, q. v.
II. Ari-ari: the pubes; the extreme lower
portion of the abdomen; Ht. Abd., 302.
III. Kulit ari: the epidermis; the thin outer
skin which if scratched does not bleed or
give pain.
IV. Ular ari: a very venomous sea-snake;
Kl. [ular tampong (or tědong) matahari?]
Rumput ular ari: a plant; erycibe angulata.
Also tampong ari.
V. Burong ari-ari: a bird (unidentified);
Ht. Raj. Sul., 1.
VI. Arab. Manger, stable; peg or rope
for tethering a horse; halter.
VII. Bantal susu ari: a square low cushion
with a stiff border. Also bantal suwari.
(5) arai. I. (Achin.) A measure of capacity
2 chupak, q. v.
11. Arai-jemarai: (Selangor) hanging loose
(Kedah) jerai-jemarai. Cf. berjari-jari,
(NOTE.—THE LACUNÆ SIGNIFY THAT THE LETTER DOES NOT CONNECT AND, THEREFORE, THAT THE UNCONNECTED FORM IS USED.)
Name of Unconnected Letter. Form. Conven tional Romanized equivalent. With a following Letter, Sin Shin Såd Dlâd Ta Tlá 'Ain Ghain Ngâ Få Pá Kâf Kaf Gâ Lâm Mim Nún Wau Ha Ya Nyå ع ا كنت 33334 مشا و له له له hh Los ل .3 ي S sli al gh ng K من ليه 9 b 50. Form in Connection. With a Preceding Letter. With Both. With a Following Letter. ظ ظ قام 5 شر b i 11 W h ny Examples of its use. With a Preceding I.etter. With Bath. بيسل باتس سجق ش شهدان شمشیر بخشیش صاحب 2 فصل قميص فضولي فرأيض ضرب غلط فطور عظمت تحفظ ظل 5 5 6 À 5333 A ض ط عرب فعل غين صغير غاده بفكت تربع و له له له ف غلف فجر عفریت المقت سيلف فاچت عقیق تلاقى فكرني بأيك کچل كته نکه تبل لق ماري تهو نیر تن تنق نبو دمه هارس قهوه یا تشي بتلن بات chhe كك ت is very generally employed by Malays instead of The Arabic feminine termination . which is a form of o. The object with which this form is used is to suggest that a writer is acquainted with the Arabic language; should his reader be acquainted with Arabic, it would prove the very contrary. The use of this form, though it can be defended by the extent to which the custom prevails, is, therefore, a piece of affectation which it is better to avoid. The Romanized equivalents given must not be taken to represent the exact sound of the character for which they are used as substitutes. The pronunciation of the Malayo-Arabic letters is discussed elsewhere [Appendix II. and is best acquired in a practical way by listening to the speech of educated natives. Besides the letters constituting the Alphabet, certain diacritical marks are occasionally met with in literature. Some of these marks only occur in Arabic quotations and need not be acquired, but the following should be known to every advanced student of Malay. The Vowel Points.-The letters of the Arabic alphabet are all considered to be consonants [Appendix II]. The vowels are either understood, or are expressed by the vowel-points fathah, kasrah and dlammah. These represent short vowels, but when followed by the consonants alif, yd, and wau respectively, they become long vowels. In Malay the fathah (-) is known as the baris di-atas; it is pronounced as a short a or (when followed by an alif) as a long a. The kasrah (7) is known as the baris di- bawah; it is pronounced as a short e or i, or (when followed by a ya) as a long e or i. The dlammah () is Laman:A Malay-English dictionary (IA aeg2034.0001.001.umich.edu).pdf/731 Laman:A Malay-English dictionary (IA aeg2034.0001.001.umich.edu).pdf/732 Laman:A Malay-English dictionary (IA aeg2034.0001.001.umich.edu).pdf/733 Laman:A Malay-English dictionary (IA aeg2034.0001.001.umich.edu).pdf/734 Laman:A Malay-English dictionary (IA aeg2034.0001.001.umich.edu).pdf/735 Laman:A Malay-English dictionary (IA aeg2034.0001.001.umich.edu).pdf/736 Laman:A Malay-English dictionary (IA aeg2034.0001.001.umich.edu).pdf/737 represents them by certain accepted Roman equivalents. It has the merit of simplicity, it gives a very fair approximation to the sound of the word, and it tends to consistency in that it leaves very little scope for the idiosyncracies of individual writers. On the other hand, it is faulty because the Arabic vowel system does not adequately deal with Malay vowel sounds, and because its rough-and-ready character hinders, rather than helps the proper study of phonetics.
The phonetic method presents great difficulties. To begin with, it is difficult to exactly reproduce Malay sounds in a character associated with a different phonic system. In the next place, the pronunciation of the language varies dialectically, so that the same word might be differently romanized in different localities. Again, its successful working depends in a great measure upon the individuality of the writer, so that consistency is hard to attain. Finally, a phonetic system, however accurate and detailed, is a poor substitute for the study of pronunciation from the lips of good speakers. A study of the romanized books published in Singapore shows that a rough-and-ready phonetic system based on Hunterian principles is generally followed[1]; and that this system, on the whole, works well. It is not always consistent, but rarely suffers in legibility from the peculiarities of individual writers. It meets the requirements of all except specialists, and its practical advantages for general work need not be sacrificed to a pedantic love for the perfectly accurate or the perfectly uniform.
In this work, the literal methods followed by the Dutch lexicographers have been generally observed; but a certain latitude has been taken in the representation of vowel sounds, and notes have been added in cases where the transliteration of a word would otherwise give an incorrect idea of its pronunciation. Had it been possible to deal in the spirit of the specialist with the dialects of the Malay Peninsula, these would not have been the only concessions to phonetics. As it is, the spelling in this Dictionary would possess sufficient simplicity for popular usage but for the use, in certain cases, of the redundant ze and y. The popular spelling of tuwan as tuan and of iya as ia is to be recommended for general elementary work, but, in more advanced work, is apt to be misleading. It suggests that the second syllable in words such as those quoted above, commences with the spiritus lenis when it really begins with a we or a y. It gives an incorrect idea of the value of alif by confusing the "hamzated" alif with the alif of prolongation. It is also faulty for etymological study; for instance, watu is the Javanese form of batu, and the bearing of this fact on the derivation of suwatu is not suggested by the spelling suatu which implies that atu and not watu is the second portion of the word. These points may seem trivial; but the confusion imported into Malay spelling is in great measure due to the inadequate com- prehension of the alphabet fostered by the belief that the spelling tuan is not a mere approximation to the sound of a certain work but is an exact transliteration of certain Arabic letters. For this reason, it has been considered advisable, in a work for relatively advanced students, to sacrifice simplicity to some slight extent. For elementary students the popular system is recommended and has been used in every work except this by the writer of this Dictionary. 1 E.g., in KELLY and WALSH's Malay Handbook and in some Romanized School Readers-published anonymously.
APPENDIX VII.
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS.
Achin. Arab.... Arab. Nights. Batav. Bint. Tim. Bust. Sal. C. and S. LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS. Achinese (van Langen's Dictionary is the one referred to). Chin.... Arabic. Arabian Nights, Malay version, published in Singapore. Batavia Malay. Bintang Timor," the name of a newspaper published in Singa- pore in 1895. Bustánu 's-salatin, MS. The two first books of this work have, however, been published in Singapore, American Mission Press. Malay-English Dictionary by Clifford and Swettenham, Letters A. to G.; Government Press, Taipeng, Perak. Cr. Cr. Gr. Cr. Hist. Ind. Arch. Eng. Eur. Chinese. The dialect of Chang- chow, near Amoy, is the one referred to unless otherwise stated; Dictionary by Carstairs Douglas. Malay-English Dictionary, by J. Crawfurd. Dissertation on the Malay langu- age (grammatical portions), by J. Crawfurd. History of the Indian Archipelago, in 3 volumes, by J. Crawfurd. English. "European," i.e., some European language, used when it is doubt- ful which of two ог more European languages a word is
derived from. Laman:A Malay-English dictionary (IA aeg2034.0001.001.umich.edu).pdf/739 Laman:A Malay-English dictionary (IA aeg2034.0001.001.umich.edu).pdf/740 Laman:A Malay-English dictionary (IA aeg2034.0001.001.umich.edu).pdf/741 Laman:A Malay-English dictionary (IA aeg2034.0001.001.umich.edu).pdf/743 Laman:A Malay-English dictionary (IA aeg2034.0001.001.umich.edu).pdf/745 Laman:A Malay-English dictionary (IA aeg2034.0001.001.umich.edu).pdf/746 Laman:A Malay-English dictionary (IA aeg2034.0001.001.umich.edu).pdf/747 Laman:A Malay-English dictionary (IA aeg2034.0001.001.umich.edu).pdf/748 Laman:A Malay-English dictionary (IA aeg2034.0001.001.umich.edu).pdf/749 Laman:A Malay-English dictionary (IA aeg2034.0001.001.umich.edu).pdf/750 Laman:A Malay-English dictionary (IA aeg2034.0001.001.umich.edu).pdf/751 Laman:A Malay-English dictionary (IA aeg2034.0001.001.umich.edu).pdf/752 Laman:A Malay-English dictionary (IA aeg2034.0001.001.umich.edu).pdf/753 Laman:A Malay-English dictionary (IA aeg2034.0001.001.umich.edu).pdf/754 Laman:A Malay-English dictionary (IA aeg2034.0001.001.umich.edu).pdf/755 Laman:A Malay-English dictionary (IA aeg2034.0001.001.umich.edu).pdf/756 Laman:A Malay-English dictionary (IA aeg2034.0001.001.umich.edu).pdf/757 Laman:A Malay-English dictionary (IA aeg2034.0001.001.umich.edu).pdf/758 Laman:A Malay-English dictionary (IA aeg2034.0001.001.umich.edu).pdf/759 Laman:A Malay-English dictionary (IA aeg2034.0001.001.umich.edu).pdf/760 Laman:A Malay-English dictionary (IA aeg2034.0001.001.umich.edu).pdf/761 Laman:A Malay-English dictionary (IA aeg2034.0001.001.umich.edu).pdf/762 Laman:A Malay-English dictionary (IA aeg2034.0001.001.umich.edu).pdf/763 Laman:A Malay-English dictionary (IA aeg2034.0001.001.umich.edu).pdf/764 Laman:A Malay-English dictionary (IA aeg2034.0001.001.umich.edu).pdf/765 Laman:A Malay-English dictionary (IA aeg2034.0001.001.umich.edu).pdf/766 Laman:A Malay-English dictionary (IA aeg2034.0001.001.umich.edu).pdf/767 Laman:A Malay-English dictionary (IA aeg2034.0001.001.umich.edu).pdf/768 Laman:A Malay-English dictionary (IA aeg2034.0001.001.umich.edu).pdf/769 Laman:A Malay-English dictionary (IA aeg2034.0001.001.umich.edu).pdf/770 Laman:A Malay-English dictionary (IA aeg2034.0001.001.umich.edu).pdf/771 Laman:A Malay-English dictionary (IA aeg2034.0001.001.umich.edu).pdf/772 Laman:A Malay-English dictionary (IA aeg2034.0001.001.umich.edu).pdf/773 Laman:A Malay-English dictionary (IA aeg2034.0001.001.umich.edu).pdf/774 Laman:A Malay-English dictionary (IA aeg2034.0001.001.umich.edu).pdf/775 Laman:A Malay-English dictionary (IA aeg2034.0001.001.umich.edu).pdf/776 Laman:A Malay-English dictionary (IA aeg2034.0001.001.umich.edu).pdf/777 Laman:A Malay-English dictionary (IA aeg2034.0001.001.umich.edu).pdf/778 Laman:A Malay-English dictionary (IA aeg2034.0001.001.umich.edu).pdf/779 Laman:A Malay-English dictionary (IA aeg2034.0001.001.umich.edu).pdf/780 Laman:A Malay-English dictionary (IA aeg2034.0001.001.umich.edu).pdf/781 Laman:A Malay-English dictionary (IA aeg2034.0001.001.umich.edu).pdf/782 Laman:A Malay-English dictionary (IA aeg2034.0001.001.umich.edu).pdf/783 Laman:A Malay-English dictionary (IA aeg2034.0001.001.umich.edu).pdf/784 Laman:A Malay-English dictionary (IA aeg2034.0001.001.umich.edu).pdf/785 Laman:A Malay-English dictionary (IA aeg2034.0001.001.umich.edu).pdf/786 Laman:A Malay-English dictionary (IA aeg2034.0001.001.umich.edu).pdf/787 Laman:A Malay-English dictionary (IA aeg2034.0001.001.umich.edu).pdf/788 Laman:A Malay-English dictionary (IA aeg2034.0001.001.umich.edu).pdf/789 Laman:A Malay-English dictionary (IA aeg2034.0001.001.umich.edu).pdf/790 Laman:A Malay-English dictionary (IA aeg2034.0001.001.umich.edu).pdf/791 Laman:A Malay-English dictionary (IA aeg2034.0001.001.umich.edu).pdf/792 Laman:A Malay-English dictionary (IA aeg2034.0001.001.umich.edu).pdf/793 Laman:A Malay-English dictionary (IA aeg2034.0001.001.umich.edu).pdf/794 Laman:A Malay-English dictionary (IA aeg2034.0001.001.umich.edu).pdf/795 Laman:A Malay-English dictionary (IA aeg2034.0001.001.umich.edu).pdf/796 Laman:A Malay-English dictionary (IA aeg2034.0001.001.umich.edu).pdf/797 Laman:A Malay-English dictionary (IA aeg2034.0001.001.umich.edu).pdf/798 Laman:A Malay-English dictionary (IA aeg2034.0001.001.umich.edu).pdf/799
ADDENDA.
ADDENDUM A.
LIST OF MALAYAN WILD BIRDS.
[This rudimentary list was given me by Mr. A. L. BUTLER, formerly of the Selangor Museum. I have since been able to supplement it somewhat; my additions and notes are given in brackets.]
Ayam-ayam : the water-cock; gallicrex cinerea. [Ayam borga, ayam denak,] and ayam hutan the jungle. fowl, gallus ferrugineus. Ayam pegar the fireback pheasant, lophura rufa or emplocomus vieilloti. [Also burong merah mata.] Burong babi the adjutant, leptoptilus javanicus.
B. bubut: the common coucal, centropus eurycercus; and the lesser coucal (or crow-pheasant), centropus bengalensis. [B. chawi-chawi: b. chěchawi, q. v.] B. chěchawi the racquet-tailed drongo; dissemurus platurus. [Also called b. chawi-chawi, and b. chen- chawi.] Cf. also b. hamba kĕra. B. bangan the egrets; bubulcus coromandus and herodias [B. chelong the black jay; platysmurus aterimus.] intermedia. [B. barau-barau: the yellow-crowned bulbul; trachycomus ochrocephalus. Also b. běharau.] B. bayan the paroquet; palæornis longicauda. [B. běbarau: v. b. barau-barau.] [B. beberek v. b. berek-berek.]
B. bělatok a generic name for wood-peckers of which about twenty specics occur in the Peninsula. [Also pělatok.] [B. bělatok biji nangka : the fulvous-rumped barred wood- pecker; miglyptes grummithorax. B. bělatok punggor: the Malay black wood-pecker; thriponax javensis. B. bělatok rimba the golden-backed wood-pecker; chrysocolaptes gutticristatus. B. bělibis the whistling teal; dendrocygna javanica. [B. berek-berek: the bay-backed bee-eater; merops suma- tranus. Also (Kedah) b. beberek.]
[B. chemperling: b. pērling, q. v.] [B. chenchawi = b. chechawi, q. v.] [B. chenok the malkohas, i.c., the red-breasted malkoha, ramphococcyx erythrognathus; and the Sumatran malkoha, rhopodytes sumatranus.] [B. chichit = b. siyul, q. v.] B. enggang: a generic name for [large] hornbills, [especially the great hornbill, dichoceros bicornis, and the rhinoceros hornbill, buceros rhinoceros.] B. gagak the Indian jungle-crow, corvus macrorhynchus. B. hamba kera: "the monkey's slave," a name given to the racquet-tailed drongo because it follows troops of monkeys to feed on the insects they disturb from the foliage. See b. chěchawi. [B. hantu a generic name for owls other than the brown hawk-owl (punggok).]
B. berkek the snipe; gallinago stenure and gallinago B. hujan the black and red broadbill, cymborhynchus cœlestis. [Also (Kedah) b. tětivok.] B. běrkok the largest of the green pigeons; butreron
capelli. B. bertam the black jungle-partridge; melanoperdix nigra. macrorhynchus; [and the dusky broadbill, corydon sumatranus. Better: b. tadah hujan. It is also called (Dindings) b. rakit.] [B. inggěrek v. b. kělichap.] B. itek ayer the cotton-teal, nettopus coromandelianus. [B. binti-binti: the Malayan blue king-fisher; alcedo B. kedidi: a generic name for a sandpiper (totanus) or meninting.] small plover (egialitis). [B. kělichap: a generic name given to small birds suggesting the humming-birds of America in their general appearance. Also b. perinchit. B. kělichap jantong or b. inggerek: the smallest of these (unidentified).] [B. kendi a generic name given to the numenii, i.e., to the curlew, numenius arquata, and to the whimbrel, n. phaopus.] B. kěsumba a generic name given to trogons, harpactes. [B. kudong kětampi: the Malay fish-ow], ketupa javanensis. Also b. to'kětampi.] [B. kunyet the black-headed bulbul; micropus melano- cephalus.] [B. kunyet-kunyet the black-naped oriole; oriolus indicus.] [B. kuwang v. b. kuwau.] [B. kuwang-kuwit the cuckoo-shrike; lalage terat.]
B. kuwan (Riau, Johor) a pheasant, especially an Argus pheasant, argusianus argus; [= (Kedah) b. kuwang raya.]
B. kuwau chěrěmin: (Selangor) a peacock-pheasant, polyplectrum bicalcaratum; [= (Dindings) kuwang ranting, or huwang ranggas, and (Kedah) měraḥ pongsu.] B. lang a generic name for hawks, kites, and eagles. [B. lang belalang: microhierax latifrons and m. fringil- Lavius. L. bubun spizaëtus cirrhatus. L. burit pernis tweeddalii. L. hindek: nisaëtus limnactus. L. ling or 1. in a variant of b. lilin, q. v. L. malam: machæramphus alcinus? L. merah: the Brahminy kite; haliastur indus. L. rajawali: a generic name given (Singapore) to small "hawks, e.g., tinnunculus alaudarius and accipiter virgatus; cf. b. sewah belalang. L. rimba: spizaëtus horsfieldi ? L. siput: the large sea-eagle, haliaëtus leucogaster. L. tembikar: haliastur sp.] B. layang-layang: a generic name for swallows and swifts. [B. lilin: the small pied hornbill, anthracoceros albirostris. Also b. měrlilin and b. lang ling.] B. měragi: the painted snipe, rostratula capensis. [B. merah mata:
- = ayam pegar, q. v.]
B. merak: the Malayan peacock, pavo muticus. [B. měraḥ pongsu the peacock-pheasant; b. kuwau chěrěmin, q. v.] - [B. měrěbah: the yellow-vented bulbul; pycnonotus analis.] B. měrěbok the Malay turtle-dove; turtur tigrinus. [B. měvlilin b. lilin, q. v.] B. murai: the magpie-robin, copsychus saularis. [B. murai batu: the shama; cittocincla macrura. B. murai gajah: the Malayan fairy blue-bird, irena cyanea.] B. murai gila: a name given to fantail fly-catchers; rhipadura javanica, r. albicollis, and r. perlata. [B. pěkakak: a generic name for king-fishers, especially (Dindings) the Malacca stork-bill kingfisher, pelar- gopsis malaccensis; the black-capped kingfisher, halcyon pileatus; and the white-collared kingfisher, halcyon cloris.] Also raja udang, q. v. [B. pěkakak hutan, or b. pěkakak rimba: a generic name for barbets.] [B. pělatok a variant of b. bělatok, q. v.] B. pergam: the imperial pigeons; carpophaga ænea and c. badia. [B. perinchit: a variant of b. kělichap, q. v.]
B. perling the tree-starling, calornis chalybeius. [Also chempĕrling. B. perling kampong and b. perling tanah: names representing varieties of coloration in the tree- starling but not different species.] B. pikau: the blue-breasted quail; excalfactoria chinensis. B. puchong: a generic name given to bitterns, e.g., dupetor flavicollis, ardetta cinnamomea, and ardetta sinensis; also to the purple heron, ardea manillensis. [The name is most commonly given (Dindings) to the little green bittern, butorides javanica.] B. punai: the common green pigeon, osmotreron vernans. B. punai gading, or b. punai jambu a pink-headed green pigeon having an ivory-white breast with a pink stain; ptilopus jambu. i B. punai siyul the small green pigeon; osmotreron olax. B. punai tanah: the bronze wing dove; chalcophaps indica. [B. punggok: the brown hawk-owl; ninox scutulata.] B. puyoh: the bustard-quail; turnix pugnax. B. raja hudang: a generic name given (Riau, Johor) to kingfishers, [and elsewhere to large sandpipers, e.g., to the redshank, totanus calidris. Cf. b. pěkakak.] [B. rajawali: a name given in literature to the eagle of romance, and in common talk to small hawks, c.g., lang rajawali. Sce s. v. lang.] [B. vakit: a name given (Dindings) to the broadbills; v. b. hujan.] B. vawa the pied fruit-pigeon, myristicivora bicolor. [B. segan: the Malay night-jar, caprimulgus macruvus.] B. sělanting the long-billed partridge; rhizothera longi- rostris.
B. serindit: the love-bird, loriculus galgulus. [B. sewah: a name given to some hawks. B. sewah bělalang: accipiter virgatus. B. lang sewah: a name sometimes given to the large kite pernis tweeddalii. B. sewah těkukor: the Indian koel; eudynamis honorata.] B. siyul: the crested wood-quail; rollulus roulroul. [Also (Dindings) b. chichit.] [B. tadah hujan see b. hujan.] B. těbang rumah mentuwa: the hornbill rhinoplax vigil. B. těkukor: the little Malay ground-dove; geopelia striata. B. tempura: the weaver-bird, ploceus megarhynchus. [B. tětirok (Kedah) the snipe ; b. běrkek, q. v.] B. tiyong: the mynah, gracula javanensis [and gracula . intermedia.] [B. tiyong batu: the Eastern broad-billed roller; euryst- omus orientalis.] [B. to'kětampi: b. kudong kětampi, q. v.] B. tukang a name sometimes given to hornbills.
ADDENDUM B.
MALAY NAMES OF SNAKES (DINDINGS).
Ular bakau: a green viperine snake (lachesis) with dark-green markings, lachesis purpureomaculatus. Also u. kapaḳ bakau.
U. bělerang: a fabulous red sea-snake, described as being so venomous that a bite from it on the rudder of a boat will suffice to kill the crew.
U. chintamani: a fabulous gold-yellow snake, the finding of which betokens success in love.
U. chintamani gajah: a name given to lachesis wagleri (variety D.) when large and exceptionally light in coloration.
U. kapaḳ: a generic name given to viperine snakes; lachesis.
U. kapaḳ bakau: see u. bakau.
U. kapaḳ rimba: lachesis wagleri (variety D.), as usually met with. Cf. u. chintamani gajah.
U. katam tebu, or u. katang tebu: the banded karait, bungarus fasciatus.
U. kepala duwa: a name given to a number of snakes, the tails of which resemble their heads. The commonest kind is cylindrophis rufus.
U. kunyet: a name given to the common tree-snake, dryophis prasinus, when yellow in tint. Cf. u. puchok.
U. kunyet tĕrus: see u. tědong sělar kunyet tĕrus.
U. lidi: dendrophis pictus.
U. matahari: see u. tĕdong matahari.
U. mĕngĕnyior: chrysopelea ornata.
U. puchoḳ: the common green tree-snake, dryophis prasinus. Cf. u. kunyet.
U. punti: a large black snake with white banded markings, dipsadomorphus dendrophilus. Also u. tiyong.
U. rumah: a small thick black snake, hypsirhina plumbea.
U. sampah: a very small snake, psammodynastes pictus.
U. sawa: a generic name given to large non-venomous snakes, especially pythons.
U. sawa batu: the common python, python reticulatus, when living on rocky soil.
U. sawa burong: dipsadomorphus cynodon.
U. sawa chindai: the reticulate python when its coloration is very brilliant.
U. sawa lěkir: a name often given to the young reticulate python, but more correctly to the snake coluber melanurus from the peculiar whitish patches on its skin.
U. sawa rěndam: the reticulate python, when aquatic in its habits.
U. sawa těkukor: a name given to coluber melanurus.
U. sělenseng: a long greenish-yellow non-venomous snake, a colour-variety of coluber oxycephalus.
U. sělimpat: a generic name given to true sea-snakes from the peculiar appearance of their tails, especially (u. sělimpat bětul) to the common large sea-snake, enhydris hardwickii.
U. sělimpat katang tebu: a banded true sea-snake, chersydrus granulatus.
U. sělimpat sungai: a small true sea-snake without distinctive markings, enhydrina valakadyen.
U. tahi kěrbau: coluber radiatus.
U. tanah: = u. rumah.
U. tědong: a generic name given to a number of snakes believed (usually with truth) to be very venomous.
U. tědong liyar: a long black (white-bellied) non-venomous snake resembling the black cobra at first sight; zamenis korros. Also u. tědong tikus.
U. tědong matahari: the small venomous snake doliophis bivirgatus. The name, however, is often given to a comparatively large non-venomous snake, coluber oxycephalus, owing to a certain occasional resemblance in the tints of the body and in the colour of the tail.
U. tědong sělar: the hamadryad or king cobra, naia bungarus.
U. tědong sělar kunyet těrus: the hamadryad when not uniformly coloured but with peculiar markings along the posterior portion of the body. These markings seem to occur in specimens seven or eight feet long and not in the full-sized hamadryad of over ten feet.
U. tědong sendoḳ: the common black cobra, naia tripudians.
U. tědong tikus: see u. tědong liyar.
U. tědong usat: simotes octolineatus.
U. tiyong: a name given (Riau, Johor?) to the snake dipsadomorphus dendrophilus; = (Kedah) u. punti. ADDENDUM C.
LIST OF WORDS OMITTED.
rambong. Gětah rambong: the gutta obtained from the tree ficus elastica. Pokok v.: the tree, ficus elastica.
sunggoh. True, genuine, real, actual; reality. Mělainkan Allah juga yang sunggoh: God alone is real; God alone Is. Jika ta’-sunggoh bagai di-kata: if there is no truth in what I am saying; Ht. P. J. P.
S. hati: heartiness; real feeling; vigour; strenuousness. Děngan sunggoh hati: vigorously, strenuously; putting one's heart into the work; Cr. Gr., 37.
Sunggoh-pun: granting that; admitting the truth of; admitting that; although. Sunggoh-pun iya dagang sěntěri: although he is an alien wanderer; Sh. Bid., 85.
Sunggoh-pun banyak bintang di-langit
Bulan juga yang berchehaya;
Sunggoh-pun banyak muda yang manis
Tuwan juga di-mata sehaya:
though the stars in heaven are many, the moon alone can brighten (the earth); truly there are many sweet youths (in the world) but you, none the less, are ever in my eyes; Ht. Ind. Nata.
Sunggoh-sunggoh really, genuinely; heartily. Ada yang menangis sunggoh-sunggoh, ada yang měnangis pura-pura: some shed tears in real earnest, some only pretended to shed them; Ht. Abd., 291. Sa-sunggoh-nya: in all truth; in all reality; absolutely. Sa-sunggoh-nya benar-lah: it is absolutely true; Ht. Gul Bak., 4. Sunggoh-sunggohi: to put one's heart into a work; to do one's best; to strive strenuously; to exert all one's strength; Sej. Mal., 59. Sunggoh-sunggohkan: id. Maka di-sunggok- sunggohkan-nya pula mengangkat itu : he did his utmost to lift it; Ht. Ind. Nata. Bersunggoh-sunggoh hati: in all earnestness; : doing one's utmost. Mengamok běrsunggoh- sunggoh hati: to attack desperately; Ht. Ind. Jaya. samseng. Chin. A professional rough. sandak. Drawing in part of a fishing-line; also chandak, q. v. pawat. Payong pawat: a small state-umbrella; better bawat, q. v. pěrak. III. Baju kanji pērak: (Straits Settle- ments) a singlet. pĕriman. (Straits Settlements) Pakaiyan pĕri- man civilian attire in contradistinction to military or (especially) police uniform;-from the English "free-man." kâdli. Arab. A judge; a Kali; an official to whom questions of Muhammadan Law are referred. قاضي كروسع ladam. kĕrosang. A native brooch; v. kerongsang, Hind. A horse-shoe. Pukul L.; (Penang) to shoe a horse; = (Singapore) pukul běsi. lepa. Carelessness; a variant of alepa, q. v. wafak. Arab. Chinchin wafak: a talismanic ring; a ring engraved with astrological or other mysterious symbols. hĕrti. Meaning, signification; significance. H. pěrkataan: the meaning of an expression.
H. kitab the meaning of a book. In "Bazaar" Malay herti is often used where the form měnghĕrti (to understand) would be more correct. Hěrti-nya its meaning is; that is to say; i.e. Hertikan: to convey the meaning of; to interpret; to explain; Ht. Abd., 331, 332. Berhěrti: to bear a meaning. Sa-kali-kali tiyada berhčrti dalam běhasa melayu: it has absolutely no meaning in Malay; Ht. Abd., 373. Menghĕrti: to understand, to grasp the meaning of. The forms ērti and rětí are common. Sapērti (like) is probably a derivative of ĕrti; i.e., "one
in meaning with.” ADDENDUM D.
LIST OF THE MORE IMPORTANT CORRIGENDA.
P. 2 (s. v. iblîs) : for kěluboran read kělěboran.
P. 3 (utama) : after děngan insert nama.
P. 5 (achan) for těkut read děkut. 56 P. 29 (al) delete see notes on Arabic orthography and grammar in the Appendices." P. 33 (m) delete "also awum, q. v.” P. 38 (empang): for "sprit-sail" read "foresail." P. 65 (ayer) for sebak read sebak. P. 79 (baris) for kasr read kasrah. P. 94 (biduwanda): for suroh-surohkan read suroh-surohan. P. 102 (bengkerang): for bengkerang and mengkerang read bengkĕrang and mĕngkĕrang. P. 133 (bulu) for lemah read lemak.
P. 176 (těgarun): for tenggarum read tenggarun. P. 186 (těmperau): for temperau read témpérau. P. 187 (tumpong): for tumpong read tempong. P. 256 (chepal): for chepat read chěpat. P. 363 (saga) for suga read saga. P. 363 (sagang): for "gunshield" read "breastwork in front of a ship's gun." " P. 367 (sawah): for "cultivated read " P. 372 (sětawa): for sětawa read sĕtuwa. irrigated." P. 372 (setiyawan): for setiyawan read setiyawan. P. 400 (sěligi): for tuli read tubi P. 400 (footnote to semangat): for "Pandangsche " read 66 Padangsche." P. 404 (semboja): for sěmoja read sěmboja. P. 408 (sampu): for deman read děmam. P. 409 (seman): for seman read sĕman. P. 415 (sěni) for "wine" read "urine." P. 422 (sukor) for read. P. 430 (siput) for chechak read chechak. P. 436 (dlammah): for, read'. P. 436 (tama): for tama read tama'. P. 437 ('ádil): for Juc read Jule. P. 439 (nya): for nya read ngá. P. 447 (pasal): for Jas read J. P. 451 (footnote to pawang): for "Skeats" " read "Skeat's"; for měnyirap read měniyarap; for rembat read rembat; for moso read masok. P. 457 (pěrěksa): for pèrèksa read pĕreksa. P. 464 (pengulun): for pěnkulun read pěkulun. P. 465. The Jawi forms of pěkěrti, pěkong and pekop are out of place and that of pekor is left out. P. 468. The first letter in the Jawi form of pělanji, pělanjib, pelenchet, pelanchar, and pělanchok should have three dots (not one) over it. P. 468 (péluru): for ampong read ĕmpang. P. 470 (pěnaka): for perbendaran read perbendaharan. P. 472 (pantai): for suwata read suwatu. P. 472 (penjagap): for penjagap read pěnjajap. P. 472 (panjang): for tinkap read tingkap. P. 473 (second panchar): fer panchar read panchor. P. 474 (penchang): for pinchong read pinchang. P. 474 (pinchok): for kelat read kělat. P. 475 (pendap): for tutroh read tuboh. P. 476 (first pěnoh): for pinoh read pěnak. P. 477 (putch): for měleseh read mělěsch. P. 478 (puchat): for lěci read lěsi. P. 484 (pětor): for petor read petor. P. 500 (kain): for betek read batek. P. 526 (kělit): for kělip read kělis. P. 544 (kutip): for kutib read kutih. P. 557 (gatal): for muyang read miyang. P. 570 (gelingsir): for měggĕlingsir read měnggělingsir. P. 594 (layar): for "silver" read "silk." P. 598 (lěchol): for di-tumbok-nya read di-tumbok-nya. P. 600. The Jawi spelling of lengsel should be identical with that of langsit; the Jawi spelling of longsor should be identical with that of lengser. P. 640. The Jawi form of mayang is written against ma'yong, and vice versa. AUG 28 1919
- ↑ In a number of publications of the American Mission Press a peculiar system of omitting the indeterminate vowel has been adopted, leading to spellings such as “mmbri.” This system is not referred to; it is hardly Hunterian, and is in only limited use.