A dictionary of the Malay tongue

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A dictionary of the Malay tongue (1801)
dikarang oleh James Howison

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3922A dictionary of the Malay tongue1801James Howison

A
DICTIONARY
OF THE
MALAY TONGUE,
AS SPOKEN IN THE
PENINSULA OF MALACCA,
THE ISLANDS OF
SUMATRA, JAVA, BORNEO, PULO PINANG, &c. &c.
IN TWO PARTS,
ENGLISH AND MALAY, AND MALAY AND ENGLISH.

PART THE FIRST.

TO WHICH IS PREFIXED A
GRAMMAR OF THAT LANGUAGE.

EMBELLISHED WITH A MAP.

BY JOHN HOWISON, M. D.

LONDON:

Printed at the Arabic and Persian Press, by S. Rousseau, Wood Street, Spa Fields:
FOR JOHN SEWELL, CORNHILL; J. DEBRETT, PICCADILLY; MURRAY AND HIGHLEY, FLEET STREET;
VERNOR AND HOOD, POULTRY; A. AND J. BLACK AND H. PARRY, LEADENHALL STREET;
AND S. ROUSSEAU, WOOD STREET, SPA FIELDS.

1801.

ADVERTISEMENT.

As to the utility of the preſent publication no objection can be juſtly offered. Before our late extenſive conqueſts of the Dutch ſettlements on the Malay iſlands our trade to the eaſt of Hindooſtan was very confined, but ſince our eſtabliſhment at (PULO PINANG) PRINCE OF WALES'S ISLAND, it has become of ſuch conſequence as to render every means of facilitating a communication between us and the Malays, an object of national importance. Since our conqueſt of theſe, how much more that has become a deſideratum muſt be ſelf evident.
In this view of its utility we confine ourſelves to Britain alone: but when it is conſidered, that we are offering to the public a Grammar and dictionary of a language which has become the LINGUA FRANCA of a portion of the globe more extenſive than that of any other tongue in the world, we hope, we are in ſome meaſure clearing the way for the future labours of the philoſopher, the navigator, and the merchant of every nation.
Untill now the only aſſiſtance to be obtained by the Malay ſcholar was through the medium of BOWREY'S Grammar, printed a century ago*, a work of great induſtry and merit, that diſtant period conſidered, and to which in the preſent volume we acknowledge our many obligations.

In the year 1701, with a dedication to the then directors of both companies, before they were united, in which the names of each are printed at full length. No account can be traced of Mr. BOWREY or his book in the preſent Remeinbrancer's Office, fo as to do him the credit due to his memory, or foreſight, which the publiſher is deſirous of doing, who, though engaged in an extenſive buſineſs ever fince May 1752, never could fee more than three copies, notwithſtanding his frequent enquiries.

. Its great fcarcity, independent of the errors and defects confeqwent to its being the firſt attempt to form an English and Afiatic Grammar *, we believe, ever made, renders the prefent work not lefs neceffary. . In giving the Malay words in the Arabic character we have followed the excellent example of RICHARDSON and GILCHRIST in their Perfian and Hin- dooftanee Dictionaries; and it is, in fact, the character uſed by the Malays themfelves. In languages where all the letters are founded as in the Ara- bic, Perfian, Hindooftanee, and Malay, a knowledge of the character, which of either may be learned in twenty-four hours, is alone neceffary to enable the fcholar to pronounce, with the utmoſt preciſion, any word that may come before him, whereas if the words were given in the Roman only, as is the cafe in HADLEY and BOWREY, we ſhould feldom find a word pro- nounced exactly in the fame way by two different perfons. In our grammatical department it may be objected that we have forced the inflexions of our nouns and verbs into a reſemblance to thofe of Eu- ropean languages, beyond what the ſimplicity of the Malay will admit of: we muft, however, infift, that although we have made ufe of words as auxiliaries, which grammarians might not confider as ſtrictly fuch, ftill a ten years' acquaintance with the Malays and their language authorize us in adopting the words and arrangements, which, we are certain, will be un- derftood and are uſed by them. J. Howison. Since which Arabic, Perfic, Hindooftanee, Moorish, Bengalee, Shanfcrit, and feveral others have made great progrefs. By the late conqueft in the Myfore, of which country the Tamoul is the current language, it likewife appears probable, that a Grammar and Dictionary of this tongue would be very ferviceable to the Company's fervants employed within its extenfive regions: and even this dialect is not entirely unknown at Madras and Bombay. Laman:A dictionary of the Malay tongue; James Howison, 1801.pdf/14 Laman:A dictionary of the Malay tongue; James Howison, 1801.pdf/15 Laman:A dictionary of the Malay tongue; James Howison, 1801.pdf/16 Laman:A dictionary of the Malay tongue; James Howison, 1801.pdf/17 Laman:A dictionary of the Malay tongue; James Howison, 1801.pdf/18 Laman:A dictionary of the Malay tongue; James Howison, 1801.pdf/19 Laman:A dictionary of the Malay tongue; James Howison, 1801.pdf/20 Laman:A dictionary of the Malay tongue; James Howison, 1801.pdf/21 Laman:A dictionary of the Malay tongue; James Howison, 1801.pdf/22 Page Missing

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Volume

A GRAMMAR OF THE
THE MALAY ALPHABET

	IV.	III.	II.	I.
	Finals.		Medials and Initials.
	Connected.	Unconnected.	Connected.	Unconnected.
Name.	Form.				Power.
Aulif	ـا	ا	ـا	ا	A in all, wall.
Bé	ـب	ب	ـبـ	بـ	B

In the above alphabetical arrangement the ſecond and fourth columns from the right hand are uſed only when they are connected with a preceding letter; as, banyak بنيق many. Every letter ſhould be connected with that which follows it, except theſe five; ا aulif, د dal, ر ré, ز zé, and و vau; neither of which can poſſibly be joined to the the following letter; as قوليتى koolittee to ſkin; jure káta جري قاته a ſpeaker.

Here let it be obſerved, once for all, that in the various provinces over the vaſt extent of country in which the Malay language is ſpoken, there muſt be ſome difference of pronunciation; and the word which is here pronounced banyak is by others called banya. This is likewiſe the caſe with ſeveral other words, which it may be unneceſſary to enumerate, ſince cuſtom will render them familiar.

OF NOUNS.

Nouns are either Subſtantive or Adjective; and, in conformity with the Perſic and many other Eaſtern languages, the Malays place the Adjective after the Subſtantive; as,

⁕ O'rang اورغ a man;	O'rang acal اورغ اکل a wiſe man.
Cooda کوده a horſe;	Cooda gaja کوده ݣاجه a ſtrong horſe.
Rooma رومه a houſe;	Rooma kécheelرومه قيچيل a little houſe.
Póhone پوهن a tree;	Póhone tinggee پوهن تيغي a tall tree.

NUMBERS OF NOUNS.

The Plural Number is frequently expreſſed by repeating the word in the Singular; as,

O'rang اورغ a man, or human perſon;

O'rang órang اورغ اورغ men, or human perſons.

⁕ [Obſerve, the acute accent, thus (') is always uſed to mark a very long ſound of the vowel over which it is placed; but when inſerted after a conſonant it ſhews that the ſyllable ends with it.] a horfe; جوده Cooda a fonc باتو Batoo A GRAMMAR OF THE harfess کوله کوده: Cooda cooda Bátoo bátoo ftones,

When a Numeral Adjective is made uſe of, the Subſtantive is for the moſt part not repeated; as,

Cooda a horfe; Bátoo a ftone; .ten horses کوده ساپولو يكور Cooda fapooloo ecor .many hories کوده بنیت Cooda banyak twenty با تو دوه پولو باتو Batoo dua pooloo batoo ftones. ,a few ftones با توسيديقت Batoo fidelit

CASES OF NOUNS.

This language admits of no variety of termination, either in Nouns or in Verbs, therefore all the Parts of Speech in the Malay may be ſaid to be indeclinable; and the Caſes of its Nouns are expreſſed by certain Particles prefixed; as in the following example:

Singular Number. Plural Number. a trees بوهن Phone trees پوھن پوھن Phone phone دري پوهن پوهن off a tree Derree phone phone دري پوهن Derree pohone of trees.

to a tree این پوشن Acan pohone اکن پوھن پوھن Acan pohone pohone to trees. یغ پوهن پوھن Eang pohone pohone the trees.. حي پوهن پوهن, Hey phone phone O trees. Eang pohone & the tree; O tree; پوهن Hey pohone in a tree دالم پوهن Dalam pohone دالم پوهی پوهن Dalam pohone phone in trees.

Prepoſitions ſerving to the Ablative Caſe will be found in the Vocabulary under their proper heads; the principal, however, are Dung-an دغن ſama ساما with; dung-an دغن alſo ſignifies by: De د, pada پده, derree دري, derree pada دري پده, from: Dálam دالم, de د in: Pada دالم, bah به by.

GENDERS.

In the Malay there are, like as in Engliſh, ſeparate words to mark the Maſculine and Feminine Genders; for the Malays have no Neuters, unleſs ſtones and inanimate things may be reckoned among that claſs. Thus,

O'rang ſignifies a human perſon.

O'rang lakkee a male human perſon, or a man.

O'rang parampoan a female human perſon, or a woman.

Cooda fignifies the genus of horfes. Coeda jantan a male horſe, or a ſtone-horſe. Cooda bétina as a female horſe, or a mare. Ayam fignifies the genus of poultry. a cock ایام جانتان Ayam jantan a hen ایام بیشینه Ayami betina Anjing fignifies the genus of dogs. Anjing jantan Anjing betina &

Obſerve, that lakkee is a word of excellence peculiar to expreſs the male of human perſons, as parampoan is uſed in the fame manner for the female, and are never applied to a bird, or a beaſt. As, on the contrary, the words jantan and bétina, are words of inferiority, and uſed to expreſs the male and female of all other creatures except man, ſince they are not eſteemed ſuſſiciently elevated or polite enough to be applied to the human ſpecies; and therefore to ſay orang jantan for a male human perſon, or a man, would be extremely improper: and it would be equally ſo to ſay cooda lakkee for a ſtone-horſe. This excellent rule is, however, ſometimes diſregarded, and they ſay ayam lakkee a cock, cooda lakkee lakkee horſes, &c. &c.

It has been already obferved, that they have no declenſion of Nouns, or conjugation of Verbs; and as to the compariſons of Adjectives, they are thus expreſſed:

To Cavil حارو بيرو hároo bíroo

Caul, thin skin, سالاپوت ſalápoot—or the guts سالاپوت پروت ſalapoot proot—net-caul to bind on the hair بولان بولان boolan boolan

perkat پرقت Cement

باقس براسپ oocoopan و کوپن mata ماته , Cenfurer, corrector

Cenfor bákas ber'affap Centiped táche lipan Center poofat اورغ ينتي ,llaboong ليال بوغ Centinel