(b) The tashdid is inserted to indicate that the letter over which it is placed, whether vowel or consonant, is sounded twice, e.g, u as uw, i as iy, s as ss, ng as ngng, and so on.
بوّت buwat, دوّ duwa, ديّم diyam, ايّ iya, سيّڠ siyang, سودّه suddah, بسّر bĕssar, تڠّه těngngah.
But the use of the tashdid to double the consonant, i.e. when it follows a short vowel (as in our words better, fellow, galant or gallant) is not generally observed in Malay MSS. and is not Arabic, nor does it represent any real phonetic doubling of the consonant. (One is tempted to compare with it the double kk in such words as فرتنجقكن pĕrtunjokkan, which are often said to be in imitation of Javanese double-letter forms and to exhibit a survival probably due to the existence of two forms of k; but Javanese influence hardly existed at all in Acheen, and it is more probable that the first k ق never represented anything but the mere glottal check (§ 9).)
(c) The omission of final و ا and ي.
كاي kayu, اك aku, ترلال terlalu, ڤنتpintu, مريب měribu, برتم bĕrtěmu, اڤ api, جاد jadi, مات mati, لاك laki, ڤرگ pergi, بوم bumi, هات hati, سكل sa-kali, سوك suka, دو dua, توه tuha.
Exceptions:
(1) A final vowel is inserted when required for the explanation of a foreign word. In the Bodleian Sri Rama the Sanskrit puri is written sometimes ڤور but oftener ڤوري and pĕrkasa is written فركشا.
(2) It is inserted when ا represents a uniform long a, and ي, و the diphthong sounds au, ai.
کرا kěra, بلا běla, دڤا děpa, کيلو kilau, ريسو risau, توڤي tupai, هلي hělai.
(d) The omission of any symbol to represent the indeterminate short vowel ĕ unless the tashdid as used above (b) can be taken as an illegitimate symbol.
